Reconstruction of forest dynamics in the Western Palaearctic based on phylogeographic analysis of the ringlet butterfly Erebia aethiops

Abstract Glacial refugia are centers of high biodiversity.Therefore, knowledge on their locations and reactions of associated populations and landscapes to climatic changes is crucial for conservation management.We here investigated the biogeography of a butterfly species linked to open forest habitats.Using mitochondrial and nuclear markers in com

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The origin of complex human diversity: Stochastic epistatic modules and the intrinsic compatibility between distributional robustness and phenotypic changeability

The continuing prevalence of a highly heritable and hypo-reproductive extreme tail of a human neurobehavioral quantitative diversity suggests the reproductive majority retains the genetic mechanisms for extremes.From the perspective of stochastic epistasis, the effect of an epistatic modifier variant can randomly vary in both phenotypic value and e

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Ocular Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor in the Left Eye with Phthisis Right Eye: A Rare Occurrence in a Child

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is a benign pseudoneoplastic inflammatory condition with the potential for persistent local growth and recurrence that rarely affects the orbit.We report a very rare case of anterior orbital IMT in a child who presented with gradually progressive mass in left eye for 16 months.Ocular examination showed a cau

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